Familiarize yourself with the anesthesia machine for the anesthesiologist is one of its basic tasks.Not only must he know how it works, but also the basic characteristics of its components must comply with safety standards and constitute the main anesthesiologist and at the same time allows you to choose and combine the measured gases, vaporize exact amounts of anesthetic gases and thus administer controlled concentrations of anesthetic mixture through the airway. Despite the diversity of anesthesia machines manufactured in the world, their functional aspects are practically similar; it can be used as a table for equipment, accessories and medicines, it has drawers to store all the necessary, as well as manuals for storage and use.
As the work area most frequented by the anesthesiologist, you must respect certain characteristics, such as construction materials, their resistance, the location of monitors, flow meters, their characteristics, oximeters, spirometers, manometers and indirect lighting. diffuse so that the indicators and alarms are easily located without great movements of the head or eyes of the anesthesiologist.
A little history
Early anesthesia devices were glass or metal vessels partially filled with diethyl ether or chloroform, into which the patient inhaled the vapors, increasing their evaporative surface by means of sponges, gauze, copper conduits, or large surface containers. Chloroform was applied in known quantities in airbags, pumping air through the liquid without regard to patient ventilation. Nitrous oxide, less potent, was inhaled directly from gasometers or oiled silk bags.
In 1903, Harcourt used one-way valves for the application of chloroform and the application of heat could increase the vaporization of the liquid. N2O had been available in compressed form since 1880 from the New England dentist White, but its clinical application, despite the advantages of compressed gases, was not used because of the lack of reducing valves. Between 1910 and 1930, the inventions, research, and scientific studies of several anesthesiologists revolutionized the design of anesthesia machines. Since 1930, the design and basic function of anesthesia machines are very similar to those used today: its main features are the safety of patients, they are built with better and better materials.The copper pot (1940) to those currently used.
How do these devices work?
Anesthesia machines are precision equipment with mechanical, engineering and electronic details to ensure an exact amount of predictable gas for patient safety. Anesthesia equipment has four important features: a source of O2 and a form of CO2 removal, a source of anesthetic liquids or gases, and an inhalation system for cylinder and cylinder head requirements, control valves, flow meters, pressure gauges, and an inhalation system to deliver the anesthetic mixture to the patient’s airway.
What gases do they use?
The gases currently used in anesthesia are oxygen, air and N2O; the hospital usually distributes them to the operating room through hoses; these may fail or the devices must be used in areas without piping. Anesthesia machines have compressed gas cylinders of size E reserve; in some places where there is no central O2 source, the so-called godmother tank, size G, is used, with pressures from 750 to 2000 psi (pounds per square inch) and by means of reduction valves, it is adjusted from 35 to 50 psi, thus allowing to use They pass through automatically controlled safety pipes, to suppress anesthetic gases if the O2 pressure is reduced, with audible alarms; Then they pass through needle valves and flow meters into the vaporizers and on to the patient. All equipment has manual O2 fast-flow valves to quickly refill the circuit.
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